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Ldzayer teqqel d agudu n sselâa n Waâraben

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Ldzayer teqqel d agudu n sselεa n Waεṛaben

Sγur Nora Boudedja

6 Dujembeṛ, 2009

Anekcum ay tekcem Ldzayer γer Wasun Aεṛab Ameqran n Wembaddel Ilelli (Grande zone arabe de libre-échange) d ayen ay nessarem ad yejj imsifḍen idzayriyen ad afen leswaq imaynuten anda ara ssenzen sselεa-nsen. D acu kan, ineggura-a ttuxeyyben, γas werεad yuwiḍ useggas seg wasmi ay yebda leqdic deg wenrar s leεqed-a imi d sselεa kan n tmura taεṛabin ara d-ikeccmen ver Ldzayer, deg lweqt sselεa tadzayrit ur tkeccem γer-sent. « Timura taεṛabin reglent iberdan i sselεa tadzayrit s twesyin (impôts), γas akken kecment deg wasun n wembaddel ilelli yerna sselεa tezmer ad tekcem s tlelli seg tmurt γer tayeḍ », ay d-yenna yiwen n yemḍebber deg tmarit (secrétariat) n Tseqqamut tateknit n weḍfar ed uqeyyem n wasunen n wembaddel ilelli, yerna ur yebγi ad d-yettwakcef yisem-nnes. Taseqqamut-a tessawel-d γef tugdi n yemsifḍen idzayriyen.

Sselεa tabeṛṛanit tettnuzu deg yal amkan deg Ldzayer,

ma d tin n tmurt ur tufi abrid ad teffeγ γer beṛṛa

Yuγ lḥal, aṭas n yemsifḍen ay as-yeccetkan i Tseqqamut-a, yerna γef wakken nettwali, tagmat taεṛabt teqqim kan deg wawal akked umenni. Leεqed-a d win ara yejjen, lemmer d lebγi, imsifḍen idzayriyen ad ssifḍen (exporter) sselεa-nsen γer tmura taεṛabin war ma xellṣ̣en tiwsi (impôt) i tedwanin n tmura-a, neγ γas ma xellṣ̣en, ur aṭas. D acu kan, kra n tmura, γas stenyant leεqed-a, ḥettment, seg tama niḍen, γef yemsifḍen idzayriyen ad d-gen aṭas n lekwaγeḍ, yerna d aya ara yerrẓen ifadden ula i wid yesεan lebγi d ameqran deg wul-nsen.

Imsifeḍ (exportateur) yebγan ad yessenz sselεa-nnes deg Maṣ̣er ad d-yekk γef wakk uguren n tedbelt (administration). “Zik, nella nettazen tafatuṛt ed uselkin (certificat) n laṣ̣el n sselεa srid [γer Maṣ̣er], maca ass-a yessekf ad ten-nazen, qbel, γer tmahelt (ambassade) n Maṣ̣er deg Ldzayer akken ad ttwaḍebεen. Aya yettḍeyyiε-aγ akud ed yedrimen, yerna yessenqas seg lfayda n sselεa-nni”, ay aγ-d-yeḥka yemḍebber-a.

Adzayri ay yebγan ad yessifeḍ (exporter) γer Libya ad d-yemlil, ula d netta, uguren iweεṛen. “Imeddukal-nneγ ilibiyen cerrḍen-d iqenṭaren n lekwaγeḍ. Akken kan ara cikken yella kra ur neṣ̣fi, ad d-rren kullec, ama d sselεa, ama d lekwaγeḍ. Ula d nitni ssutturen-d seg yemsifḍen (exportateurs) ad d-ḍebεen lekwaγeḍ-nsen deg tqenṣ̣ult (consulat) n Libya deg Ldzayer akked weγlif (ministère) adzayri n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa. Arma yeṛwa bab-nnes tazzla ara yessiweḍ sselεa-nnes γer tlisa n Libya”, ay aγ-d-yenna yemḍebber-a, war ma yettu ad d-yebder Itunsiyen. Γef leḥsab-nnes, ineggura-a, ula d nitni, ssnen ad d-snulfun uguren akken ad sεerqen abrid i unekcum n sselεa tadzayrit γer ssuq-nsen.

“Tettren-d, tikkal, kra n lekwaγeḍ iweεṛen”, γef wakken d-yenna. Γef umedya (lemtel), yiwet n teṛmist (ccarika) n yiẓem (jus) yettwassnen deg Ldzayer yerna tella tessefray ad tessifeḍ (exporter) γer Tunes, tettuxeyyeb mi as-d-ttren Yitunsiyen aselkin n tedyuksint (certificat de dioxine). “Lkaγeḍ am wa ur yelli. Wi d uguren ay d-snulfan akken ad reglen anekcum n sselεa tadzayrit γer ssuq-a”, ay d-yenna yemḍebber-a. Tadyant am ta teḍra-as daγen i yiwen n wenfaras (producteur) n tṛakniwin ay yellan yebγa ad yessifeḍ (exporter) γer Meṛṛuk. Acrik-nnes ameṛṛuki yella yessekf ad d-yawey ttersiḥ i tektert (importation) akken ad d-yesfaydi seg εeffu n twesyin n tedwant (droits de douane). D acu kan, iduba (autorités) imeṛṛukiyen ur qbilen ad as-d-kfen lkaγeḍ-a ara iledyen ssuq ameṛṛuki i wenfaras-nni adzayri. Yuγ lḥal, kra n yenfarasen imeṛṛukiyen ugaden ad d-tili temsizzelt gar-asen ed Yidzayriyen, dγa ḥeṛsen anabaḍ (lḥukuma) ameṛṛuki akken ur yettajja tiṛakniwin tidzayriyin ad d-sfaydint seg εeffu n twesyin n tedwant. Taṛmist-nni tadzayrit tesṛuḥ ssuq γef ljal n lkaγeḍ-a. Yella daγen yemsifeḍ (exportateur) adzayri niḍen ay yebγan ad yessifeḍ tini (ttmeṛ) γer ssuq ameṛṛuki, yerna ula d netta reglen-as abrid.

Agudu ed usseγli n lbeqq

S yisem n tdukli tudmist (économique) timqeddest gar tmura taεṛabin, Ldzayer tsemmeḥ aṭas seg umur-nnes i tmura-a “tiysetmatin” yettekkan deg Wasum Aεṛab Ameqran n Wembaddel Ilelli (Grande zone arabe de libre-échange). Yuγ lḥal, γas timura-a ttgent-d uguren i Yidzayriyen akken ad ssifḍen (exporter) sselεa-nsen, iduba idzayriyen ur asen-gin uguren i yemsifḍen n tmura-a.

Nnig n wuguren ay d-ttgent kra n tmura i yemsifḍen (exportateurs) idzayriyen, timura-a daγen sseqdacent tiḥila yerna ur ttqadarent ilugan (règles) n temsizzelt. “Timura-a snuzuyent sselεa-nsent s ssuma irexsen akken ad d-sseγlint lbeqq”, ay d-yenna yemḍebber-a ay netter, ay iqeddcen deg yiwet n tseqqamut yeqqnen γer Texxamt n Tnezzut (chambre de commerce) tadzayrit. “Γef umedya (lemtel), kra n yiẓmawen n yigumma (jus de fruits) yers-d deg-sen ttwaxedmen deg Tunes, yili ttwaxedmen-d deg tmurt niḍen. Tabwaḍt-nni n Tetrapack ur d-tettwaxdem deg Tunes, yerna ula d sskeṛ-nni ur yelli nsen. Ula d iẓem-nni uwyen-t-id seg tmurt niḍen. D aman-nni kan ay as-rnan akked yiqeddacen-nni ay t-id-ixedmen ay d Itunsiyen, maca nitni srusuyen-t-id amzun d iẓem atunsi”, ay d-yenna.

Sakkin yerna-d: “Llan yilugan (règles) i ubeyyen n laṣ̣el n sselεa, yerna sselεa-nni yessekf ad tqader ilugan-a akken ad yetbet laṣ̣el-nnes”. Yuγ lḥal, ugur-a yerza ula d sskeṛ-nni ay d-yettwaketren (importé) seg Maṣ̣er imi ay yella ccek deg laṣ̣el-nnes. “D tidet, Maṣ̣er txeddem-d sskeṛ n ubiṭrab, maca ayen ay d-txeddem ur d-ikufa ula d Imaṣ̣riyen. Γef waya, Maṣ̣er trennu tessaγ-d sskeṛ seg tmura n beṛṛa. Dγa mi ara nwali tesnuzuy sskeṛ i Ldzayer, ur nezmir ad nefhem aya. Γef waya ay ncikk deg laṣ̣el n sskeṛ ay d-ssenzen i Ldzayer”, ay d-yenna yemḍebber-a.

Yuγ lḥal, tawliwla tamsenzit (balance commerciale) tesskanay-d uguren ay sεan Yidzayriyen akken ad skecmen sselεa-nsen γer leswaq aεṛaben. Deg setta n wayyuren imezwura n useggas-a [2009], Ldzayer tembaddal ed tmura n Wasun Aεṛab Ameqran n Wembaddel Ilelli 742,7 n yimelyunen n yidulaṛen n sselεa (menγir lgaz ed upitṛul), d acu kan, 693 n yimelyunen n yidulaṛen seg wanect-a d azal n sselεa ay d-tekter (importer) Ldzayer seg tmura-a, deg lweqt ay deg Idzayriyen ssafḍen (exporter) kan 49,76% n yimelyunen n yidulaṛen γer tmura-a. S waya, taktert (importation) n Ldzayer seg tmura taεṛabin n wasun-a terna s 28%, deg lweqt ay deg assifeḍ yuder s 63%. Izwal-a (chiffres) sskanayen-d anect yemgerrad wembaddel gar Ldzayer ed tmura taεṛabin, yerna deg tegnit am ta, leεqed n unekcum n Ldzayer γer Wasun-a n wembaddel ilelli ur yelli d taγawsa ay deg yal idis yufa lfayda-nnes, wanag Ldzayer texṣ̣er deg wanect-a.

Uguren gar Yidzayriyen

Ugur ameqran netta d Idzayriyen s timmad-nsen ay d-yeskecmen uccen s axxam. Idzayriyen yebγan ad ssenzen sselεa-nsen deg tmura-a nnan-d llum ur yelli kan γef tmura-a ay yettnadin ad ḥuddent sselεa-nsent. Γef leḥsab-nsen, ṛṛay adzayri yella yezleg seg tazwara, yerna asmi ay yettustenya leεqed-nni, tiṛmisin (ccarikat) tidzayriyin qublent timsizzelt n tmura-a war ma sεant ayen ay yes qablent. Awanak (ddula) ur iεawen tiṛmisin-a akken ad gent isurifen-nsen imezwura deg unekcum-nsent deg wasunen (zones) n wembaddel ilelli. S waya, uguren llan d ilqayanen ugar. Yuγ lḥal, aya yeqqen γer wugur-nni ameqran ay deg Ldzayer ur tetteg leqdic yessekfen akken ad tesmel (promouvoir) sselεa tadzayrit menγir lgaz ed upitṛul. Bitt, deg wenrar-a, Ldzayer tessen kan ad d-twet deg yiman-nnes, war ma tga kra n ubeddel.

« Nesεa gar 500 ed 600 n yemsifḍen (exportateurs), yerna aṭas seg-sen ur llin d imsifḍen yezgan. Llan kann 200 n yemsifḍen yezgan. Aya d ulac. Deg Tunes, yiwet kan n temdint tezmer ad tesεu 200 n yemsifḍen, deg lweqt ay deg γer-neγ, tamurt s lekmal-nnes tesεa kan 200 n yemsifḍen », ay d-yenna yemḍebber-a n Texxamt n Tnezzut ed Temguri. Abrid n yemsifḍen idzayriyen mazal-it γezzif yerna yenneḍ, imi mazal-iten yessekf fell-asen ad ṛwun tazzla deg tedbelt (administration) akken ad frun lecγal-nsen. « Mi ara bγunt teṛmisin (ccarikat) ad ssifḍent seg tmurt tabeṛṛanit γer Ldzayer, sfaydayent-d seg εeffu seg twesyin n tedwant (droits de douane). Ma d infarasen-nneγ (producteurs) yessekf ad xellṣ̣er gar 5 ed 30% n twesyin n tedwant. Tikkal, tinegwa timezwura yessekf ad xellṣ̣en fell-asent gar 15% seg wazal-nsent i tedwant, deg lweqt ay deg afaris-nni (produit) s timmad-nnes yessekf ad xellṣ̣en fell-as tiwsi n 5%. Dγa llant kra n tγawsiwin d tuzligin deg twesyin n tedwant, yerna aya ur yezmir ad yejj infarasen idzayriyen ad d-awyen iman-nsen deg ssuq. Seg wakken tewεeṛ tegnit arma ay qqlen waṭas n yenfarasen (producteurs) idzayriyen ssinifen ad kecmen deg ssuq n ussifeḍ (exportation », ay d-yenna yemḍebber-a.

« Infarasen (producteurs) idzayriyen ttnadin ad ssenzen ugar deg ssuq adzayri, wala deg tmura n beṛṛa. Ayγer ara yerẓ wenfaras iγef-nnes akken ad d-yaf imsaγen (imectura) anda niḍen deg lweqt ay deg imsaγen sṭebṭuben-as-d γef tewwurt akken ad d-sγen sselεa-nnes ? D acu kan, lemmer Awanak (ddula) adzayri itteg ifadden s tidet, ama s webrid usrid neγ arusrid, i wakken ad ddun d-rebḥen ugar n yedrimen deg tmura n beṛṛa, infarisen-nneγ ad qeblen. Sselεa tadzayrit tesεa tizemmar akken ad tenz deg beṛṛa, maca infarasen ur wellhen tamuγli-nsen γer waya. D tiwinas (timeyyatin) n yelmeẓyen ara yesseftayen idrimen deg tnezzut tarmuddist (commerce informel) ; lemmer ad asen-yeg Uwanak ifadden [s ussifses n ccuruḍ n ussifeḍ], zemren ad wellhen tamuγli-nsen γer ussifeḍ. Werjin tga-d Ldzayer kra n tsuddest (stratégie) imeεnen n i lmend n wesnerni n ussifeḍ n sselεa yexḍan lgaz ed upitṛul », ay d-yenna.

D acu kan, Awanak (ddula) yeldey aṭas n yiberdan i lmend n ussifses n ussifeḍ (exportation) deg yiseggasen-a ineggura. Γef umedya (lemtel), ass-a yella Usenduq uslig n tesmelt n ussifeḍ (Fonds special pour la promotion des exportations – FSPE) akked Tkebbanit n Usenkid (assurance) n Ussifeḍ, yerna iswi-nsen netta d assejhed n weḥric-a n tnezzut tabeṛṛanit. Nnig way-a, llan-d yisurifen n unabaḍ (lḥukuma) i lmend n ussifses. Maca aya yelfa-d ur d-yettkafi γef leḥsab n tecrawt (bilan) n Ldzayer deg wayen yerzan assifeḍ n sselεa yexḍan lgaz ed upitṛul. Tasuddest (stratégie) n wesnerni n ussifeḍ yessekf ad tt-id-yeg Useqqamu aγelnaw n tesmelt n ussifeḍ (Conseil national de promotion des exportations) ay d-yennulfan, deg lqanun, deg 2004. Maca ar ass-a, Aseqqamu-a n uciweṛ ara yeḥkem Uneγlaf Amezwaru, werεad ur t-id-sbedden deg lfeεl.

Iṛabulen n Wammas aγelnaw n usselγu ed taddadant (Centre national ḍinformation et des statistiques – CNIS) (yeqqnen γer tedwant (douane) tadzayrit, tteffγen-d yal aseggas yerna ttemcabin akk. Taγawsa tawḥidt ay yettbeddilen deg taddanant n yiṛabulen-a nettat d tin yerzan assifeḍ(exportation) n yiserγa (hydrocarbures). S waya, tawliwla tamsenzit (balance commerciale) tadzayrit txuṣ̣ṣ̣ s waṭas. Assifeḍ n sselεa yexḍan iserγa mazal-it ur yesεi azal ameqran. Yuγ lḥal, deg teswiεt-a, Ldzayer tessewjad iman-nnes ad ternu ad tekcem γer sin wasunen (zones) niḍen n wembaddel ilelli. Amezwaru d Tadukli n tdamsa ed uqariḍ (monnaie) ara icerken timura n Tefriqt tutrimt (taγerbit) ed Tiddukla Tuṛufit n Wembaddel Ilelli ay ikecmen yagi γer ssuq n Wasun Aεṛab Ameqran n Wembaddel Ilelli, akked leεqed n tiddukla ed Tdukli Tuṛufit (Union Européenne). Dγa, yessekf γef Ldzayer ad tesεu tasuddest (stratégie) imeεnen akken ula d nettat ad d-tḥettem sselεa-nnes, yerna aya ala lfayda ara as-d-yawey.

Sγur Nora Boudedja

Tasuqilt sγur Omar Mouffok

Taγbalut: http://www.elwatan.com/