Iwunak Yeddukklen bγan ad hudden Pakistan

 

 

Sγur Rashid Zubair (9 Yunyu 2009)

 

 

Igen (armée) apakistani, ara ttεawanen Yimarikaniyen, yeεreḍ ad yemḥeq Ṭaliban deg tegludna (principauté) taqburt n Swat. Imenγiyen ay d-yellan deg tama-nni glan-d s yixeṣ̣ṣ̣aren imeqranen, yerna γef ljal-nsen, 2 n yimelyunen n medden ay irewlen seg yexxamen-nsen. Γef  leḥsab n Rashid Zubair, tanekra n Ṭaliban n Swat d tin n yigellilen, deg lweqt ay deg Iwunak Yeddukklen sseqdacen Ṭaliban-a i wakk-n ad d-snekren amgaru aγarim (guerre civile)  yerna ad d-afen ssebba ad as-kksen imrigen-nnes aγsiyen (armes nucléaires).

 

 

 

Asmi ay yeγli unabaḍ (lḥukuma) n Musharraf, ugar n useggas ay-a, aṭas n Yipakistaniyen ay iḍemεen ad d-tebdu tallit tamaynut deg tsertit n Pakistan, maca assirem-nsen ur iεeḍḍel yensa.

 

 

 

Yiwet seg ssebbat ay yejjan medden ad keṛhen anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n Musharraf netta d amali ay imal γer Yimarikaniyen akked tukksa n unezzarfu (lqaḍi) aεlayan n Pakistan, Iftikhar Chaudhry.

 

 

 

Maca ula d anabaḍ (lḥukuma) apakistani n wass-a ur iquder aγref (cceεb) ay t-iwekklen akk-n ad yeḥkem tamurt xir, yerna kennu ay yekna seddaw n tecḍaḍt n Marikan yugar win n Musharraf. Anabaḍ apakistani n wass-a, ay yeṭṭef ukabar n PPP (Pakistan People’s Party – Akabar n Weγref Apakistani) yuweḍ arma ay yuzen imderrεen (blindés) akked yisafagen (avions) mgal n weγref apakistani deg Ugafa (nord) n tmurt. Taγwasa-a ula d Musharraf ikukra ad tt-yeg deg tallit-nnes. Seg tama niḍen, d akabar n PPP daγen ay yekfan ttesriḥ [i Yimarikaniyen] akk-n ad sqedcen idṛunen (drones) deg wakal apakistani, yerna ay-a yegla-d s tmattant n twinas (timeyyatin) n Yipakistaniyen.  Γef leḥsab n unabaḍ apakistani akked Yiwunak Yeddukklen, idṛunen-a nγan imenγan (combattants) n Al-Qaεida, maca yiwen ur d-yekfi ttbut γef way-a. Yerna γas ma yella ay-a d tidet, imaslaḍen (membres) n Al-Qaεida ara yilin mmuten s yedṛunen-a, ur sεin azal ameqran imi yiwen seg-sen ur yelli deg wumuγen (listes) n yemḍebbren n Al-Qaεida ay yettnadi FBI.

 

 

 

Γef leḥsab n yisalan ay d-kfan Yiwunak Yeddukklen, idṛunen-a (drones) ttewten seg wakal apakistani, yerna aneγlaf apakistani n temḥaddit iḥeqqeq-d ay-a, d acu kan, aneγlaf apakistani n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa yenkeṛ ay-a. D ay-a ay yejjan agdud apakistani ad yesṛuḥ laman deg unabaḍ n PPP. Qbel ayyur n Mayyu, ay deg yiqsiḥ yimenγi deg Pakistan, 12000 n Yipakistaniyen, akk d iγarimen (civils), ay yemmuten γef ljal n tummγiwin n yigen (armée) apakistani neγ amarikani.

 

 

 

Yerna, qbel ccwal-a ay d-yebdan deg Mayyu, 800.000 n yemdanen yagi ay d-irewlen seg yexxamen-nsen deg tmiwa n yimenγi, yerna amur ameqran deg-sen ur d-ufin lemεawna iwutan. Imir-a, mi akk-a ay yerna yimγur yimenγi, teqqel temsalt n yezruzaγ (réfugiés) d tawaγit niḍen deg taluft-a.

 

 

 

Aselway n Pakistan, Zardari, ttunekfent-as akk tzemmar tusligin (pouvoirs spéciaux), dγa yeqqel yettalas ad yefsex amni (parlement) melmi ay as-yehwa. Seg tama, d imelyunen n Yipakistaniyen ay yenḍerren s leγla n wafud (énergie) akked kullec, s umata, seg tama niḍen, Pakistan teqqel tesεa ugar n 60 n yineγlafen. Anabaḍ (lḥukuma) apakistani yeqqel yettnadi ad isaεed akk icriken n temsisit (coalition) ed yimeddukkal n yikabaren, dγa yeqqel yettakf imukan deg udabu i kra n win wukud yebγa ad yemsefham, maca ay-a akk γef weεrur n weγref (cceεb).  

 

 

 

Tagnit deg Yeγzer n Swat

 

 

 

Ttawilat n yisalan n Utaram (Lγerb) acḥal ay-a seg wasmi ay d-ssemεanen anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n Pakistan tejja iγzer n Swat ad t-ṭṭfen Ṭaliban, maca ur akk-a ay ddant lumuṛ deg tidet. I wakk-n ad nefhem tagnit-a, yessekf ad neqqel γer yiẓuran-nnes.

 

 

 

Qbel n 1969, tama n Swat tella d tafulmant (autonome) yerna adabu-nnes iḥekkem s ccariεa. Imezdaγen n tama-a llan qeblen ay-a, imi lqanun-a n ccariεa yettarra-d leḥkem s tazzla yerna iεeddel gar medden. Deg 1969, [anabaḍ apakistani yefsex tagludna (principauté) n Swat dva] teqqel tama-a ur tesεi kra n unagraw (système) n lqanun ay yes ara tettwaḥkem akk-n iwata.  

 

 

 

Deg 1989, amullah Soufi Mohammed yessutter ad d-teqqel ccariεa, yerna amur ameqran deg yimezdaγen n tama-a ddan-d yid-s. Amussu-nni (mouvement) ur yelli d ameγnas (militant), yerna ikemmel yessuttur tiririt n ccariεa seddaw sin n yinabaḍen (lḥukumat) tipakistaniyin. Seg tama niḍen, Soufi Mohammed iεawen sin n yinabaḍen ipakistaniyen i wakk-n ad d-yerr lehna γer tama-nni ed ad iqenneε tirebbaε timsellḥin (ay yebγan ula d niteni ccariεa) ur ttnaγent mgal n yiγalllen n laman n udabu. Nnig way-a, yemcawaṛ daγen akked ayt trebbaε timsellḥin i wakk-n ad d-brun i kra n yimeṛhan s wazal-nsen, am wakk-n ay yettekka deg lemcawṛat i wakk-n ad iqenneε, daγen, tirebbaε-a ad ledyent iberdan akked yinafagen (aéroports) ay reglent. Γef ljal n way-a akk, anabaḍ apakistani yewεed-it ad d-yerr ccariεa γer tama-a, maca ur yeṭṭif deg wawal-nnes.

 

 

 

Sakk-in, asmi ay mmγen Yiwunak Yeddukklen γef Afγanistan, Soufi Mohammed yedda γer tmurt-a akk-n ad yennaγ mgal n yiγallen ibeṛṛaniyen ay yeṭṭfen tamurt. Asmi ay d-yeqqel γer Pakistan, anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n Pervez Musharraf yeṭṭef-it ed yerra-t γer lḥebs. Sakk-in, deg 2008, anabaḍ n ANP (Awami National Party), imi yella yebγa ad d-yessken nneyya yelhan, yebra-as-d i Soufi seg lḥebs.

 

 

 

D acu kan, asmi ay yella Soufi Mohammed deg lḥebs, d aḍewwal-nnes (ay yellan iqeddec deg yemsawnen [ascenseurs]), ay yeqqlen d imḍebber deg wemkan-nnes. Dγa yeεreḍ ad d-yessebded, s yimenγi imselleḥ, tadbelt (administration) ara yeṭṭfen tama n Swat deg wemkan n tedbelt tapakistanit, dγa d ay-a ay d-yeglan s wacḥal n wayyuren n yimenγi akked yiγallen n laman ipakistaniyen yerna yegla-d s tmattant n waṭas n yiγarimen (civils). Soufi Mohammed ur yeqbil ay-n ay yella itteg-it uḍewwal-nnes yerna yebεed fell-as; d acu kan, yeqqel ur yesεi dduṛ ameqran am zik yerna ur yezmir ad ibeddel tiγawsiwin. Imir-nni, anabaḍ n ANP yessutter seg Soufi Mohammed ad d-yerr talwit γer Swat, yerna lemmer ad yessiweḍ ad yeg ay-a, anabaḍ ad d-yerr ccariεa γer tama-a. Nnig way-a, ula d imezdaγen n tama-a bγan ad d-teqqel ccariεa γer deg-in, akk-n ay d-sseknen deg tmeskanin n 12 Yennayer 2008.

 

 

 

S way-a, Soufi Mohammed yewεed anabaḍ (lḥukuma) akk-n ad iqenneε tirebbaε n Ṭaliban ad ssersent imrigen (leslaḥ), yerna ad qeblen ad d-yeqqel udabu apakistani γer tama-a war ma tella tedbelt (administration) neγ lqanun niḍen ara iḥekmen deg-in menγir wid n Pakistan.  Sakk-in, seg wasmi ay d-yella wemtawa-nni (accord), ters-d talwit deg tudert n medden deg Swat. Iγerbazen ed yibazaṛen εawden ledyen, yerna teqqel tudert n yal ass akk-n tella zik.

 

 

 

Iwunak Yeddukklen ed yimenγi-nsen ed Ṭaliban

 

 

 

D acu kan, Tamsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) akked Yiwunak Yeddukklen kukran ad qeblen [amtawa-nni ay d-yellan gar Soufi ed unabaḍ (lḥukuma) apakistani]), deg lweqt ay deg imḍebber n ukabar n ANP, Asfan Yar Wali, yenna-d amtawa-nni d ay-n yelhan, yerna anabaḍ n tama-nni yenna-d amtawa-nni ur yeffiγ i lqanun n tmurt. Imḍebber n unabaḍ n tama-nni, Hoti, yenna-d ad yeffeγ seg udabu lemmer Pakistan ad tagi amtawa-nni. Ma d aneγlaf amezwaru aqbur, Nawas Sharif, akked uneγlaf n tγawsiwin n daxel n unabaḍ n Musharraf εeyynen-d γef yixeṣ̣ṣ̣aren imeqranen ay yes ara d-yeglu wexdaε n yemtawaten [ay d-yellan gar unabaḍ apakistani akked yemsellḥen n Swat]. Ula d aneṭṭaq n yigen (armée) apakistani yenna-d tebda tettṣ̣eggim tegnit deg tama n Swat.

 

 

 

S way-a, aṭas n Yipakistaniyen ur nefhim ayγer Iwunak Yeddukklen uwyen-d tikli n “sin n lmizanat” akked Ṭaliban. Mi ara mciwṛen Yimarikaniyen srid akked Ṭaliban, ay-a ur yeffiγ γef lqanun, maca lemmer d anabaḍ (lḥukuma) apakistani ara yemciwṛen yid-sen, Imarikaniyen ttwalin ay-a d tixxubta.

 

 

 

Hamid Mir, d aneγmas apakistani mechuṛen, yerna d aqeddac deg Geo, targa tusligt (chaîne privée) mechuṛen akk deg Pakistan, yura-d seg 23 Fuṛaṛ 2008, deg weγmis n Jang: “Tidwirin (lvillat) n twacult n ugeldun (prince) n Swat d tilmawin, jjan-tent yimezdaγen-nsent, maca Musrat Begum, d tajjalt seg twacult n ugeldun, tezdeγ akked uqeddac-nnes deg yiwet seg tγemrin n leqṣ̣er. Tejemε deg-in yid-s tisednan tigellilin ur nesεi ixxamen. Medden γγaren-as “Tayemmat n Swat”. Tameṭṭut-a ur tugad seg ccariεa. Mi ssawleγ yid-s, iban-iyi-d tebγa lemmer d Ṭaliban ara yeṭṭfen adabu deg tama-nni. D ta daγen ay d tamuγli n Ghumam Faroog, amaẓrag (éditeur) n weγmis n Chamal, ay d-itteffγen deg tama-nni. Nniγ-as ayγer amur ameqran seg yimezdaγen n Swat ddan ed Ṭaliban yerna zgan-d mgaln yigen apakistani. Ṭaliban ffγen-d seg tissi (couche) yettwaḥeqren n medden, seg yimezdaγen n tama-nni s timmad-nsen. Imeṛkantiyen zgan-d mgal n Ṭaliban, acku ineggura-a kkan-d seg yiẓawaliyen. Tanekra tamezwarut n yigellilen mgal n yimeṛkaniyen (umi γγaren khawanin [ihaggaren (nobles)] tella-d deg yiseggasen n 1970. Dγa, imi imḍebber n tama-nni yugad lemmer ad d-yenker ccwal deg-in, yeqqen tama n Swat γer Pakistan. Dγa adiwenni-a (conversation) yesmekti-iyi-d ungal-nni ay d-yura Ahmed Bachir deg 2003 γef Swat. Deg usebter (page) wis 763, nezmer ad nγer : « Igellilen n Swat wejden ad nnaγen arma d tamattant. Asmi ara bdun imenγi, tuddsiwin (organisations) ad d-banent i yiman-nsent”. Ahmed Bachir ur yeẓri, imir-nni, tuddsa-nni (organisation) ara d-inekren deg tama-nni ad as-semmin “Ṭaliban”. Tṣ̣aḥ-iyi-d tegnit ad ẓreγ s tatṭiwin-inu kra n yinurar n yimenγi. Γas ma yella igen (armée) apakistani yesεa imerdan (lemdafeε) imaẓayen, imderrεen (blindés) ed yisafagen (avions) n yimenγi, maca ur ssawḍen ad rnun Ṭaliban. Ssebba n way-a netta Ṭaliban d igellilen n tmurt ara ten-yettεawanen. Imezdaγen n Swat mallen seg tḥeqranit ay idumen acḥal n yiseggasen, yerna tasertit n tummγa n Yiwunak Yeddukklen d ay-n ay yernan zzit i tmes.  S way-a, cceḥna-nni n tḥeqranit akked wekṛah n Yiwunak Yeddukklen d ay-n ay yessawḍen ad d-yeslal, deg tama-a, yiwen n umussu d ameḍḍarfu (mouvement extrémiste).”

 

 

 

Imeggiyen* ibeṛṛaniyen yettlusun am Ṭaliban

 

 

 

*agents

 

 

 

Ay-n ay d-nebder sufella-a yezmer ad d-yerr γef tuttra-a ay d-ttalsen ttawilat n yisalan imarikaniyen: “Amek 12.000 n yiserdasen ipakistaniyen ur ssawḍen ad rnun 3000 kan n yimenkaren (insurgés) ?”. Maca daγen, amajuṛ Athar Abbas, aneṭṭaq s yisem n yigen (armée) apakistani, yekfa-d tiririt niḍen: “Ccwal ara d-yettilin deg Swat akked tmiwa n tewsatin (zones tribales), d imeẓla uffiren (services secrets) ibeṛṛaniyen ay ibedden sdeffir-s, ttselliḥen yerna ttakfen idrimen i yimeḍḍurfa (extrémistes). Γef leḥsab n weγmis n Jang, iγallen n laman ipakistaniyen ṭṭfend-d, deg tmiwa n tewsatin, 200 n yimeggiyen (agents) ibeṛṛaniyen ay yelsan iceṭṭiḍen am wid n Ṭaliban. Yagi, aṭas n Yipakistaniyen ur nefhim ayγer ay llant 29 n tqenṣ̣ulin (consulats) n tmura tijaṛtin n Pakistan deg tama-nni n tlisa gar Pakistan ed Afγanistan. Ahat ula d timenγiwin-nni, war ṛṛeḥma, ay d-iḍerrun s waṭas deg tama-nni ay sbabbayen i Ṭaliban, yezmer lḥal d imeggiyen-a ibeṛṛaniyen ay yellan deffir-nsent. D acu kan , daγen, kra seg tmenγiwin war ṛṛeḥma ay d-yettilin mgal n yiγallen n laman d tid ay gan kra i wakk-n ad d-rren ttaṛ γef tummγa-nni ay mmγen yiγallen n laman ipakistaniyen mgal n Tmesgida Tazewwaγet [deg Islamabad], akked tummγiwin-nni ay itteg yegnan (armées) apakistani ed umarikani def tama-a”.  

 

 

 

Amur ameqran seg Yipakistaniyen ur ttwalin “amgaru mgal n tremmiγt (guerre contre le terrorisme)” d amgaru ay ten-id-yerzan, wanag d amgaru ay bγan ad t-gen Yiwunak Yeddukklen deg tmurt-nsen s uwekkel n unabaḍ (lḥukuma) apakistani. Skud anabaḍ apakistani mazal-it itteddu s ṛṛay n Yiwunak Yeddukklen, ur tettili talwit deg tmurt-a. Iwunak Yeddukklen bγan ad cewwlen Pakistan. Bγan ad tt-rren d Awanak amezgul (Etat rate) i wakk-n ad as-d-afen ssebba, ad as-kksen imrigen-nnes aγsiyen (armes nucléaires). Yuγ lḥal, Iwunak Yeddukklen sεan yagi tiggent (unite) ay d-yelhan kan s wanect-a.

 

 

 

Swat ters-d deg-s talwit kra n lweqt. Yuγ lḥal, anabaḍ apakistani iga yagi imtawaten (accords) n talwit ed wacḥal n trebbaε n Ṭaliban deg yimukan yemgerraden n tama-a, maca, mi d-tella kan kra n “tedyant n dyiri”, amtawa-nni ad yettwafsex. Ma d imir-a, yenker yimenγi d ameqran deg tama-a. Anabaḍ (lḥukuma) yesbubb ccwal-a i Ṭaliban, maca ay-a d anabaḍ kan ay t-id-yettinin, wanag ur telli tlelli n yisalan deg tmurt-a.  

 

 

 

Γas ma yella d Ṭaliban ay d-yesnekren ccwal-a, maca timhal (opérations) ara itteg yigen (armée) d imezdaγen n tmurt ay ḍurrent. Zik, imezdaγen n tama-a llan ssutturen ad d-teqqel ccariεa γer tama-nsen, maca llan bγan d anabaḍ (lḥukuma) ara tt-id-yerren, ur d Ṭaliban. Anabaḍ ur yejji Ṭaliban ad d-sbedden tadbelt tamsadaγt (administration parallèle), maca asseqdec n yiγil i yiman-nnes kanur yezmir ad yerẓ ifadden i Ṭaliban. I wakk-n ad yessiweḍ unabaḍ γer tifrat n taluft-a, yessekf ad d-yawey tikli tagtidist (multilateral), yerna ad yessiweḍ ad yesdukkel akk idisan ixṣ̣imen n tmurt γef yiwen n ṛṛay, maca anabaḍ n Zardari ur yezmir ad yeg tamezwarut-nni wala tis snat. [CIA ed tmenghiwt n Bhutto]

 

 

 

Ttawilat n yisalan ttinin-d “Ṭaliban uwḍen-d γer tewwura n Islamabad” neγ “yezmer lḥal ad d-γlin yemrigen aγsiyen (armes nucléaires) gar yifassen n Ṭaliban”. Maca ay-a d asmesxer.

 

 

 

Yessekf ad nẓer Ṭaliban ṭṭfen kan 3,4% seg wakal n Pakistan. Imezdaγen n tmiwa n tewsatin (zones tribales), lemmer ad ten-id-njemmel akk, ad awḍen kan γer 2% seg yimezdaγen n Pakistan, yerna ur ddin akk akked Ṭaliban. Sin-nni n yimelyunen ed wezgen n medden ay izedγen tama n tewsatin ur zmiren ad rnun 157 n yimelyunen n Yipakistaniyen. Ipakistaniyen werjin ad qeblen ddin n Lislam am win ay bγan Ṭaliban. Ma d tileffuγin taγsiyin (bombes nucléaires) ur llint d iḥeṛbiyen ay sṭerḍiqen medden deg wass n yiγef n useggas yerna yezmer yiwen ad ten-yaker deg ljib-nnes. Pakistan tesεa 80 n yiγfawen aγsiyen (ogives nucléaires), yerna teḥwaj azal n 70.000 n yiserdasen akked kra n yigiman (luluf) n yimassanen i wakk-n ad tent-tεass.  

 

 

 

S way-a, Imarikaniyen bγan kan ad d-afen ssebba s Ṭaliban, wanag iswi-nsen (but) atan anda niḍen. Yagi, ajiniṛal Musharraf, deg wayyuren-nnes ineggura deg udabu, yenna-d ISI (imeẓla uffiren [services secrets] n Pakistan) acḥal n tikkal ay txebber Iwunak Yeddukklen γef yimukan anda ay yeffer Baitullah Mehsud, imḍebber n Ṭaliban, maca Imarikaniyen ur gin acemma akk-n ad t-nγen.

 

 

 

Aneγlaf apakistani n tγawsiwin n daxel yenna-d d Afγanistan ay yettakfen idrimen ed yemrigen (leslaḥ) i Ṭaliban n Pakistan. Maca ugur netta: anwa ay yettakfen idrimen ed yemrigen i Ṭaliban deg Afγanistan ?

 

 

 

Yuγ lḥal, ur netḥiqq γef way-n ara ssefrayen s tuffra Yiwunak Yeddukklen akk-n ad t-gen deg Pakistan. Maca tella yiwet kan n tγawsa ay ibanen: dima d aγref (cceεb) ay yettxelliṣ̣en. Asseqdec n yiγil werjin ad yefru uguren deg tama-a.

 

 

 

Sγur Rashid Zubair

 

Tasuqilt sγur Omar Mouffok

 

Taγbalut (source): www.voltairenet.org  

 

Rzu daγen γef:

Amgaru n Obama γef Pakistan (sγur Webster G. Tarpley)

 

Afγanistan ed Pakistan: anda ay tewḥel Marikan  (Tadiwennit ed Mohamed Hassan, sγur Grégoire Lalieu ed Michel Collon )