Iṛan: ”Tagrawla tazegzawt” texṣ̣er

 

Amek ay ttgen Yimarikaniyen tuttyiwin tiserdasiyin* s wegdud

Sγur Thierry Meyssan (24 Yubyu 2009, seg Birut, Lubnan)

 

 

*coups d’Etat

 

 

”Tagrawla tazegzawt” n Ṭ̣ehran d nettat ay d ”tagrawla izewwqen” tamaynut ay εerḍen ad tt-gen Yimarikaniyen deg Iṛan. ”Tigrawliwin-a izewwqen” jjant Iwunak Yeddukklen ad d-ḥettmen inabaḍen (lḥukumat), deg kra n tmura, ara iqeddcen i lmend-nsen, war ma sqedcen imenγi. Thierry Meyssan, ay iqedcen d aneṣ̣ṣ̣aḥ deg sin n yinabaḍen i lmend n ferru n tlufa am ti, yesleḍ (analyser) ssebbat ay yessawḍen ”tagrawla” n Iṛan ad texṣ̣er.

 

 

Amgerrad yellan gar ”tegrawliwin izewwqen” ed tegrawliwin n tidet am win yellan gar tṛanjet ed tmandarint. Mcubant, maca ur sεint yiwet n lbenna. ”Tagrawla izewwqen” d abeddel n udabu, tettban-d d tagrawla, imi ay tessewliwil aṭas n medden seg weγref (cceεb), d acu kan, nettat, deg tidet, d tuttya taserdasit (coup d’Etat), imi iswi-nnes ur yelli d abeddel n temṣ̣ukin (structures) n tmetti, wanag tekkat i wakk-n ad ttbeddel tadγert (élite) s tedγert niḍen i wakk-n taneggarut-a ad teḍfer tasertit tabeṛṛanit ed tsertit n tdamsa ara yeddun ed way-n bγan Yiwunak Yeddukklen. ”Tagrawla tazegzawt” n Ṭ̣ehran d nettat ay d amedya aneggaru seg ”tegrawliwin”-a.

 

 

 

 

Melmi ay d-nnulfant ?

 

 

Takti-a n ”tegrawliwin izewwqen” bdan qeddcen yes-s deg yiseggasen n 1990, d acu kan, takti-nnes tebda tettban-d deg yeskasiyen (débats), deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen, deg yiseggasen n 1970-1980. Deg tallit-nni, yettwakcef-d CIA tḍebber deg waṭas n tuttyiwin tiserdasiyin (coups d’Etat) ay d-yellan deg waṭas n tmura n umaḍal, yerna tasmilt tawamnit (commission parlementaire) n Chruch ed Rockefeller terna tekcef-d aṭas n tγawsiwin deg temsalt-a. Dγa d ay-a ay yejjan aselway Jimmy Carter ad ikellef amiṛal Stansfield Turner i wakk-n ad yessizdeg CIA ed ad yeḥbes aεiwen n Yiwunak Yeddukklen i yiduba isnarafen (dictatoriaux) ay d-snulfan Yimarikaniyen.

 

Imir-nni, inemlayen-imegda (socio-démocrates) imarikaniyen (SD/USA) rfan yerna jjan Akabar amegdu (Parti démocrate) [n Jimmy Carter] yerna ddan ed Ronald Reagan [n Ukabar agdudan (Partie républicain)]. Imdanen-a llan d aggagen (intellectuels) itrotskiyen ifazen, aṭas deg-sen llan ttarun-d deg tesγunt (revue) n Commentary. Asmi ay yettwafren Reagan d aselway, iwekkel tarbaεt-nni i wakk-n ad kemmlen ad qeddcen γef wamek ara ggaren Yiwunak Yedduklen iman-nsen deg tγawsiwin n daxel n tmura niḍen, d acu kan, war ma sqedcen n yimenγi. D ay-a ay ten-yejjan ad d-snulfun, deg 1982, National Endowment of Democracy (NED), sakk-in, deg 1984, snulfan-d United States Institute for Peace (USIP). Snat-a n temṣ̣ukin (structures) myuqqanent gar-asent: nezmer ad naf imḍebbren n NED ttekkan deg useqqamu n tedbelt (conseil d’administration) n USIP, am wakk-n wid n uneggaru-a ttekkan daγen deg useqqalu n NED.

 

Aselway Ronald Reagan

 

Seg yidis n lqanun, NED tettusemma d tiddukla tiwizit, iswi-nnes ur d rrbeḥ n yedrimen, tetteddu s lqanun amarikani, yerna idrimen-nnes ttekken-as-d, yal aseggas, sγur Congress. Idrimen n NED d aḥric seg umeṣ̣ruf (budget) n weγlif (ministère) n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa n Yiwunak Yeddukklen. I wakk-n NED ad teqdec deg wenrar, tesseqdac daγen idrimen n US Agency for International Development (USAID), yerna ula d taneggarut-a teqqen γer weγlif amarikani n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa. D acu kan, deg tidet, NED d ajellab kan ay sseqdacen yimeẓla n wumel (services de renseignements) n Yiwunak Yeddukklen (CIA), n Tgelda Yeddukklen (MI6) ed Ustṛalya (ASIS) (yerna tikkal sseqdacen-tt daγen yimeẓla n wumel n Kanada ed Ziland Tamaynut).

 

 

NED tettqeddim-d iman-nnes i medden d tuddsa (organisation) ay iqeddcen i lmend n ”tesmilt n tugdut (promotion de la démocratie)”. Dγa, i wakk-n ad teqdec deg wenrar, tesεa ṛebεa n yifurkawen: yiwen seg-sen d win ay iqeddcen i wakk-n ad yesgufsu (corrompre) inmula (syndicats), wis sin, i wakk-n ad yesgufsu imḍebbren n teṛmisin (ccarikat), wis tlata i wakk-n ad yesgufsu ikabaren n uzelmaḍ, ma d wis ṛebεa, i yikabaren n uyeffus. Daγen, NED tqeddec deg wenrar s lemεawna n tsebdadin (fondations) timeddukal am Westminster Foundation for Democracy (deg Tgelda Yeddukklen), International Center for Human Rights and Democratic Development (deg Kanada), Fondation Jean-Jaurès ed Fondation Robert-Schuman (deg Fṛansa), International Liberal Center (deg Sswid), Alfred Mozer Foundation (deg Tmura n Wadda), Friedrich Ebert Stiftung ed Friedrich Naunmann Stiftung, Hans Seidal Stiftung ed Heinrich Boell Stiftung (deg Lalman). NED tessec s yedrimen ugar n 6000 n tuddsiwin (organisations) deg umaḍal, deg tlatin n yiseggasen. Ay-a akk, d ay-n ibanen, s yisem n wahilen n ussileγ (formation) ed uεiwen.

 

 

Ma d USIP yettusemma d tasudut taγelnawt (institution nationale) n Yiwunak Yeddukklen. D Congress, daγen, ay as-yettakfen, yal aseggas ameṣ̣ruf-nnes. Idrimen-nnes d aḥric seg weγlif (ministère) amarikani n temḥaddit. Deg lweqt ay deg NED sseqdacent-t tlata tmura timeddukkal n Yiwunak Yeddukklen, USIP ala d Iwunak Yeddukklen ay t-yesseqdacen. USIP yessexdam kra n tugniwin tisertiyin (personnalités politiques) tibeṛṛaniyin s yisem n unadi ussnan (scientifique).

 

 

Asmi ay as-yettunekf umeṣ̣ruf i USIP, yessebded-d yiwet n temṣ̣ukt (structure), Albert Einstein Institution, d tin ur d-nesbanay iman-nnes aṭas. Tiddukla-a tamecṭuḥt tqeddec i lmend n usseqdec n yiberdan imelwiyen (pacifiques) ed tijjin n tekriḍt (violence) i lmend n yimenγi. Maca asmi ay d-tennulfa, tiddukla-a tettukellef i wakk-n ad d-tesnulfu iberdan ay yes ara ḥudden medden iman-nsen deg tmura n Tuṛuft Tutrimt (Taγerbit) lemmer ad tent-id-kecment tmura n Werkawal n Warsaw [tarbaεt n tmura tisduklanin (communistes) yellan ddaw leεnaya n Tdukli Tasuvyuatit, d tixṣ̣imin n tmura n Tuṛuft Tutrimt]. Tiddukla n Albert Einstein Institution teqqel dindin d tafulmant (autonome) yerna teqdec i wakk-n ad d-tesnulfu amek ay yezmer ad yeγli udabu (pouvoir) n Uwanak (ddula), akk-n yebγu yili.

 

 

Ttejṛibat timezwura

 

 

Tikkelt tamezwarut anda ay εerḍen Yimarikaniyen ad gen ”tagrawla izewwqen” tella-d deg 1989. Imir-nni, llan bγan ad sseγlin Deng Xiaoping, deg Ccinwa, dγa bγan ad sqedcen yiwen seg yimalalen-nnes (collaborateurs) iqerben, d amaru amatu (secrétaire général) n Ukabar asdukklan (Parti communiste) acinwat, Zhao Ziyang, i wakk-n ad ledyen ssuq n Ccinwa i Yimarikaniyen ara yesseftin deg-s idrimen, yerna ad skecmen Ccinwa γer terbaεt-nni n tmura yellan seddaw tecḍaḍt n Yiwunak Yeddukklen.

 

 

Ilmeẓyen yeddan akked Zhao kecmen amṛaḥ n Tienanmen, qqimen deg-in. Ttawilat n yisalan utrimen (iγerbiyen) nnan-d wid-nni d inelmaden yexḍan tasertit, yerna ttnaγen mgal n terbaεt n yeqburen n Ukabar asdukklan (Parti communiste), deg lweqt ay deg, deg tidet, ccwal-nni akk yekka-d seg wemsefham ur msefhamen gar-asen wayt Ukabar ay yeddan ed Deng, akked wid yeddan ed Yiwunak Yeddukklen. Deng yeṣ̣ber kra n lweqt i wenbac, sakk-in yesseqdec iγil i wakk-n ad yefru taluft-nni. Amḥaq n wid-nni ay yeṭṭfen amṛaḥ n Tienanmen yegla-d s tmattant n gar 300 ed 1000 n yemdanen, γef leḥsab n teγbula (sources) n yisalan.

 

 

20 n yiseggasen sakk-in, abrid ay d-ttawyen Wutrimen (Iγerbiyen) akk-n ad gen tuttya n udabu (coup d’Etat) am tin, ur tbeddel. Ttawilat n yisalan ay d-yessawlen, seg melmi kan, γef umulli (anniversaire) n tedyanin-nni n Tienanmen, semman-asent i tedyanin-a ”tagrawla taγerfant (révolution populaire)”, yerna ineγmasen utrimen wehmen imi imezdaγen n Pekin, ass-a, ttun ay-n yeḍran imir-nni. Yuγ lḥal, imenγi gar snat n trebbaε n yiwen n Ukabar γef udabu ur yesεi assaγ (lien) ed weγref (cceεb). Γef way-a, Icinwaten ttḥulfun ur ten-id-terzi temsalt.

 

 

”Tagrawla izewwqen” tamezwarut tecca deg 1990. Deg lweqt ay deg Tadukli Tasuvyatit tella tetthuddu, aneγlaf  amarikani n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa, James Baker, yedda γer Bulgaṛya i wakk-n ad ittekki deg lḥemla n tefranin n ukabar yeddan ed Yiwunak Yeddukklen, yerna NED tekfa-as aṭas n yedrimen i ukabar-nni. D acu kan, γas ma yella Tagelda Yeddukklen teḥṛest-iten, Ibulgaṛiyen llan ugaden lemmer ad fernen akabar ara d-yesγesen tamurt-nsen deg Tdukli Tasuvyatit yerna ad tt-yeskecmen s tazzla γer tdamsa (économie) n ssuq, ad nḍerren, dγa fernen akabar adefresduklan (post-communiste), maca, γer Wutrimen (Iγerbiyen), Ibulgaṛiyen gan tuccḍa ur nettusemmaḥ. Deg lweqt ay deg imanayen (observateurs) n Tmetti Tuṛufit ḥeqqen-d γef tezdeg n tefranin-nni, tanmegla (opposition) ay yeddan ed Yiwunak Yeddukklen tessker harara γef tukerḍa n tuγac n tefranin, yerna tessuffeγ lγaci s izenqan. Wid yeddan yid-s sbedden iqiḍunen deg tlemmast n Sofia yerna tekcem tmurt deg ccwal ameqran ay yeqqimen setta wayyuren, arma ay d asmi ay yefren wemni (parlement) aselway amaynut, Zhelyu Zhelev, ay yeddan ed Yiwunak Yeddukklen.

 

 

”Tugdut”: d assenzi n tmurt i yibeṛṛaniyen war ma yeẓra weγref (cceεb)

 

 

Seg yimir-nni, Washington tkemmel tessenkar-d ”tigrawliwin” i wakk-n ad tbeddel iduba deg wakk timiwa n umaḍal, yerna tetteg ay-a s ccwal deg yizenqan, war ma tesseqdec tirebbaε n yiserdasen ara yettin adabu s yiγil. Maca d acu-t yeswi-nsen (but) seg wanect-a ?  

 

 

Washington tesseqdac awal aẓidan, win n ”tesmilt n tugdut (promotion de la démocratie)”, i wakk-n ad tcebbeḥ ay-n tetteg, maca deg tidet, nettat tettḥakaṛ ad d-tḥettem, γef tmura ay tettcewwil, iduba ara as-iledyen, war ccerḍ, leswaq n daxel n tmurt, yerna ad ddun ed tsertit tabeṛṛanit n Yiwunak Yeddukklen. Iswan-a (buts) ẓran-ten yemḍebbren n ”tegrawliwin izewwqen”, d acu kan, werjin werjin ssawalen γef way-a akked lγaci-nni ay d-ssenkaren akk-n ad ttekkin deg tmeskanin (timesbaniyin). Yerna lemmer tuttya-nni n udabu (coup d’Etat) ad tecc, iγermanen (citoyens) ur ttεeḍḍilen ad d-rren s lexbar i tuccḍa ay gan, yerna ttenkaren-d mgal tsertityin-nni ara asen-d-iḥettem udabu-nni amaynut, d acu kan, imir-nni ad yili iṛuḥ lḥal i wakk-n ad beddlen tiγawsiwin.

 

 

Seg tama niḍen, amek ay nezmer ad neḥseb kra n tenmegliwin (oppositions) d ”timagdayin” (démocratique) mi ara ten-nẓer snuzuyent tamurt-nsent i yibeṛṛaniyen i wakk-n ad qqiment deg udabu, yerna ay-a war ma yeẓra weγref-nsen (cceεb) ?

 

 

Deg 2005, tanmegla (opposition) takirgizit tugi ad testeεṛef s yegmaḍ (résultats) n tefranin tiwamniyin (législatives), dγa tuwey-d medden seg wenẓul (sud) n tmurt γer Bickek i wakk-n ad gen timeskanin (timesbaniyin). Imeskanen-nni (manifestants) sseγlin aselway Askar Akaiev. D tin umi semman ”tagrawla n tulbent (révolution des tulipes)”. Amni (parlement) yefren yiwen n uselway yeddan ed Yiwunak Yeddukklen, Kurmanbek Bakiev. Aselway-a ur yessaweḍ ad yeḥkem deg wid yeddan yid-s, yerna ineggura-a rẓan yerna ukren aṭas n tγawsiwin deg tmaneγt (capitale). Sakk-in, Bakiev yenna-d d netta ay yessuffγen asnaraf (dictateur) ay yellan yeḥkem tamurt, yerna yesmeεreq yebγa ad d-yessebded anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n tdukli taγelnawt. Yessuffeγ-d seg lḥebs, Felix Kulov,  ay yellan d amγiwan (lmir) n Bickek, yerra-t d aneγlaf n tγawsiwin n daxel, sakk-in, yerra-t d aneγlaf amezwaru. Asmi ay terked tmurt, Bakaiev yestaxer Kulov seg udabu, sakk-in, war ma iga-d tiγri i tukci n ssuq (appel d’offres), yessenz cwiṭṭ-nni n lxir ay tesεa tmurt-nnes i teṛmisin (ccarikat) timarikaniyin, yerna yecca tijuεal timeqranin γef wanect-a. Seg tama niḍen, Bakiev yejja Iwunak Yeddukklen ad ssersen asadur aserdasi (base militaire) deg Manas. Werjin ddren Yikirgiziyen d igellilen akk-n ddren deg tallit n tselwit (présidence) n Bakiev. Felix Kulov yessumer-d (proposer) ad d-yerfed tamurt s wesdukkel-nnes akked Rusya, akk-n yella lḥal zik-nni. Γef wanect-a, dindin kan yeqqel γer lḥebs. 

 

Aselway n Kirgizistan, Bakiev,

akked uneγlaf amarikani n temḥaddit, Donald Rumsfeld

 

D cceṛ ay d-yettawyen lxir?

 

 

Deg way-n yerzan timura yeddren seddaw n udabu amesbaṭli, kra ttinin-d γas ma yella ”tigrawliwin izewwqen” gellunt-d kan s tugdut n sufella, maca gellunt-d daγen s lehna i weγref (cceεb). D acu kan, ttejṛiba tesskanay-aγ-d ay-a ur iṣ̣eḥḥa. Iduba imaynuten zemren ad ilin d imesbaṭliyen ugar n wid-nni ay yezrin.

 

 

Deg 2003, Washington, London ed Paris snekrent-d ”tagrawla n tlellac (révolution des roses)” deg Juṛjya. Am leεwayed, tanmegla (opposition) tenna-d tella-d tukerḍa deg tuγac n tefranin tiwamniyin (législatives) yerna tessuffeγ-d medden s izenqan. Imeskanen (manifestants) ḥettmen aselway Eduard Chevarnadze ad yerwel seg tmurt, sakk-in ṭṭfen adabu. Aselway amaynut, Mikhail Saakachvili, yeldey tadamsa (économie) n tmurt i Yimarikaniyen, yerna yegzem assaγen (relations) ed ljaṛ-nnes arusi. Washington tṛeggem-as ad as-tekf i Juṛjya tallalt tudmist (aide économique) deg wemkan n tin ay tella Rusya tettakf-as-tt, maca tallalt-nni tamarikanit ur d-tuwiḍ.

 

 

Tadamsa (économie) n tmurt, ay yellan yagi tenḍerr, tkemmel thudd. I wakk-n ad ikemmel Saakachvili leqdic-nnes i lmend n yemḍebbren-nnes, terra-t tmara ad d-iḥettem tasnaraft (dictature) γef weγref (cceεb). D ay-a ay t-yejjan ad yezmeḍ ttawilat n yisalan ed ad yeccaṛ leḥbas. Maca, seg tama niḍen, taγemsa tutrimt (presse occidentale) tettkemmil tettwali-t d ”amegdu” (démocrate).

 

Mikhail Saakachvili ed wenmazul n uselway (vice-président)

amarikani Dick Cheney

 

Asmi ay iwala Saakachvili yessewḥel-d iman-nnes deg yiwen n webrid ay deg ay t-terra tmara ad ikemmel, yeεzem ad iger iman-nnes deg yiwet n taluft d tameqrant, imi ay yeḍmeε ad yerr aγref (cceεb) n tmurt-nnes iḥemmel-it. S tallalt (aεiwen) n Bush akked Isṛayil (umi yessekra isudar n yisafagen [bases d’avions]), Saakachvili yebda yettḍeggir lbumbat γef yimezdaγen n Usitya n Wenẓul [ay yebγan ad temsebḍu ed Juṛya], dγa yenγa 1600 n medden, amur ameqran deg-sen llan sεan taγlent (nationalité) tarusit. Musku terra-d tiyita. Ma d ineṣ̣ṣ̣aḥen imarikaniyen ed Yisṛayiliyen rewlen. Juṛjya tufa-d iman-nnes, sakk-in, thudd.

 

 

Beṛka-aγ!

 

 

Imḍebbren n ”Tegrawliwin izewwqen” εerrḍen ad sqedcen urfan n weγref (cceεb) i wakk-n ad sseγlin wid-nni ay ttḥakaṛen. ”Tagarawla”-a d tasnafsit n ujemmal (psychologie de masse), d urfan imeqranen ay iseffḍen kullec deg webrid-nsen, yerna ur telli tγawsa meεqulen ay izemren ad ten-teḥbes. Win ay bγan ad t-sseγlin, ad as-sbibben akk tiwuγa ay iḥuzan tamurt, seg zik arma ay d ass-nni. Simal yettaṭṭaf deg wemkan-nnes, simal rennun wurfan n lγaci. Sakk-in, mi ara yejbed iman-nnes neγ ad yerwel, medden ad d-qqlen γer leεqul-nsen, yerna beḍḍu-nni yellan gar yemḍebbren n tegrawla ed lγaci ay d-yeddan yid-sen ad d-yeqqel.

 

 

Deg 2005, deg tsaεtin-nni ay d-iḍefren timenγiwt n Uneγlaf amezwaru aqbur Rafik Hariri, yella itteddu wawal deg Lubnan d ”Isuriyen” ay t-yenγan. Igen (armée) asuri –akk-n ay msefhamen Yilubnaniyen deg wemtawa (accord) n Ṭ̣aef- d netta ay yettεassan lehna deg tmurt seg wasmi ay ifuk wemgaru aγarim (guerre civile), maca deg wussan-nni, maca ussan-nni ggten wid ay d-yekkaten deg-s. Ma d Iwunak Yeddukklen, ttehmen aselway asuri, Bachar el-Assad s timmad-nnes yettekka deg tmenγiwt n Hariri, yerna imi kan ay d-nnan akk-a Yimarikaniyen, agdud yebda yettamen. Wid ay d-yennan –γas tikkal txeṣ̣ṣ̣er tegnit gar Lubnan ed Surya- maca Rafik Hariri yella dima d amdan ay yesεan azal γer Surya, yerna tamattant-nnes d ay-n ara iḍurren Surya imi ay tesṛuḥ amalal (amεiwen) ameqran, rran-asen-d wiyaḍ ”adabu asuri”, seg wakk-n d yir-it, arma ay yeqqel ineγγ ula d imeddukal-nnes. Qqlen Yilubnaniyen ggaren-d tiγri i wakk-n ad d-ẓedmen yiserdasen imarikaniyen γef tmurt-nsen akk-n ad ẓẓεen Isuriyen. Maca wehmen akk medden asmi Bachar el-Assad, ay iwalan iserdasen-nnes ur ten-bγin Yilubnaniyen, yerna tiγimit-nsen deg Lubnan tettenkar-as-d γlayet, yejbed-iten-id seg-inna. Sakk-in llant-d tefranin tiwamniyin (législatives) deg Lubnan yerna d tamsisit (coalition) ”mgal n Surya” ay tent-irebḥen.

 

 

Rafik Hariri, Aneγlaf amezwaru aqbur n Lubnan

 

 

D tin umi semman ”tagrawla n yengel (révolution du cèdre)”. Mi terked ddeεwa, medden akk gren tamawt, γas ma yella ijiniṛalen isuriyen ukren tamurt, maca asmi ay ffγen yiγallen-nsen, acemma ur ibeddel deg tdamsa (économie) n Lubnan. Nnig way-a, Lubnan tufa-d iman-nnes deg umihi (danger), imi ur yelli s wacu ara tḥudd iman-nnes seg ussewseε ara tessewsaε Isṛayil akal-nnes. Ameqran seg yemḍebbren ay yellan mgal n Surya, ajiniṛal Michel Aoun, iεawed tamuγli deg ṛṛay-nnes yerna yedda ed tenmegla (opposition) [ay deg yella Ḥizbullah ed wid ay yugin ad teffeγ Surya]. Ay-a yesserfa Imarikaniyen, yerna d ay-a ay ten-yejjan ad εerḍen ad t-nγer acḥal n tikkal. Michel Aoun yeddukkel ed Ḥizbullah s yisem n yiwen n wahil (plate-forme) i lmend n uḥuddu n tmurt. Yella d lawan ad gen ay-nni: Isṛayil temmeγ-d γef tmurt.

 

 

Yal tikkelt ay deg ara d-tili ”tegrawa izewwqen”, Iwunak Yeddukklen ssewjaden-d anabaḍ ”amagday (démocratique)” ara iḥekmen tamurt-nni qbel ad d-tili. D ay-a ay d-yesskanayen ”tigrawliwin”-a, deg tidet, d tuttyiwin n udabu (coup d’Etat) tuffirin. Wid-nni ara yettekkin deg unabaḍ-nni amaynut, εerrḍen Yimarikaniyen ad ten-ffren γef medden anect zemren. Γef way-a, win akk-n ay bγan ad t-sseγlin, ad γlin fell-as s tiyita, war ma nnan-d anwa ara d-yalyen deg wemkan-nnes sdeffir ma yeγli.

 

 

Deg Serbya, nekren-d ”yigrawalen (révolutionnaires)” ilmeẓyen yeddan ed Yiwunak Yeddukklen, maca fernen ad sqedcen yiwin n ulugu (logo) yellan d azamul n tesdukla ([communisme], d abunyiw yettuwehhan d asawen), i wakk-n ad ffren tiddin ay ddan ed Marikan. Aberriḥ (slogan) ay fernen ad t-sqedcen deg tmeskanin-nsen netta ”Ifuk!”, yerna qesden-d s way-a aselway Slobodan Milosevic. D ay-a ay ten-yejjan ad d-rnun γer yidis-nsen akk wid ay yellan mgal n Milosevic, yerna nnan-d fell-as d netta ay d ssebba n tberrawin-nni (bombardements) ay gant tmura n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) mgal Serbya [deg 1999]. Amedya-a (lemtel) sqedcent-t aṭas n trebbaε niḍen am tin n Pora deg Ukṛanya, ed terbaεt n Zubr deg Byilurusya.

 

 

Tarakriḍt* n sufella

 

 

*non-violence

 

 

Ineṭṭaqen s yisem n weγlif n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen sseḥṛasen akk-n ad d-kfen tugna n ”trakriḍt (non-violence)” γef ”tegrawliwin izewwqen”. ”Tigrawliwin”-a akk sseqdacent tiẓra (théories) n Gene Sharp, win ay d-yesbedden Tasudut (Institution) n Albert Einstein. Yuγ lḥal, tarakriḍt (non-violence) d abrid n yimenγi i lmend n usseqneε n udabu i wakk-n ad ibeddel tasertit. Wanag, i wakk-n ad tessiweḍ kra n tdersi (minorité) ad teṭṭef adabu, yessekf fell-as ad tesseqdec takriḍt, yerna akk ”tigrawliwin izewwqen” kkant-d γef way-a.

 

 

Deg 2000, mi yella Slobodan Milosevic d aselway n Serbya yerna mazal-as aseggas akk-n ad tfak tallit n tselwit-nnes, iga-d tifranin qbel lawan. Mi fukent tefranin, Milosevic ed wexṣ̣im-nnes ameqran, Vojislav Kostunica, ggran-d d ixṣ̣imen, yiwen deg-sen ur yerbiḥ. D acu kan, tanmegla (opposition) ur teṛji ad d-tili tuzzya tis snat n tefranin, wanag tessenker harara γef usseqdec n tḥila deg tefranin yerna teffeγ γer yizenqan ad teg timeskanin. D igiman (luluf) n yimeskanen (manifestants) ay d-yuwḍen γer tmaneγt (capitale), gar-asen iqeddacen n wemγiz (lmina) n Kolubara. Ass n leqdic n yiqeddacen-nni d NED (National Endowment for Democracy) ay asen-t-ixellṣ̣en s webrid arusrid (indirectement), maca iqeddacen-nni ur ẓrin d Iwunak Yeddukklen ay ten-ixellṣ̣en. Imi timeskanin-nni ur ḥṛisent adabu akk-n iwata, iqeddacen-nni n wemγiz sqedcen imserdaben (bulldozers) ay d-uwyen yid-sen i wakk-n ad ẓedmen γef yizudaγ (bâtiments) n udabu. Γef way-nni ay asent-semman i tedyanin-nni ”tagrawla n yemserdaben”.

 

 

Lemmer ad d-nekren yimeskanen (manifestants) deg ”tegrawla izewwqen”, sakk-in tagnit ad teqqim kan akk-n, adabu ur yettarra aḍar yerna ad d-ffγen yimeskanen niḍen ara yeddun d udabu, imir-nni, tifrat tawḥidt ara tesseqdec Washington nettat d arway n tmurt. Ad ssersen ismentasen (provocateurs) ara d-yesnekren ccwal ama deg yidis n yimeskanen n ”tegrawla izewwqen”, neγ deg win n yimeskanen ay d-inekren mgal-nsen, sakk-in, ismentasen-nni ad bdun ad ttqerrisen rrṣ̣aṣ̣ γef lγaci. Yal idis ad d-yini d idis-nni niḍen ay d-iwten s rrṣ̣aṣ̣, deg lweqt ay deg nitni llan tteddun-d s leεqel, war ma sqedcen takriḍt (violence).

 

 

Azraε n yimenγi

 

 

Deg 2002, taburjwazit n Caracas [deg Venezuela] teffeγ-d γer yizenqan akk-n ad d-tessken urfan-nnes γef tsertit timettit (politique sociale) n uselway Hugo Chavez. Tiregwa tusligin (chaînes privées) n tilibizyu, s uṣ̣ewwer ay deg sqedcen tiḥila, sseknen-d ilel (lebḥeṛ) n lγaci. Deg lweqt ay deg imanayen (observateurs) nnan-d ala 50.000 n medden ay d-yeffγen, taγemsa (presse) akked weγlif n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa n Yiwunak Yeddukklen nnan-d amelyun n medden ay yettekkan deg tmeskant-nni. Sakk-in, teḍra-d tedyant n tqenṭert n Llaguno. Tiregwa tusligin sseknent-d mliḥ imeskanen (manifestants) ay yeddan ed Chavez, ṭṭfen imrigen (leslaḥ) deg yifassen-nsen yerna ttqerrisen γef medden. Deg yiwen n usarag n tγemsa (conférence de presse), ajiniṛal n tiḍaf tiγelnawin (garde nationale) ay iqeddcen daγen d anmazul n uneγlaf (vice-ministre) n laman n daxel n tmurt, iḥeqqeq-d wid-nni ay iqerrsen γef weγref seg ”temlicin (milices) n Chavez”, yerna nγan 19 n yemdanen, dγa yeffeγ seg wemkan-nnes yerna iger-d tiγri i wakk-n ad sseγlin tasnaraft (dictature). Cwiṭṭ kan sakk-in, aselway Chavez ṭṭfen-t yiserdasen ay d-inekren, maca d imelyunen n medden seg weγref ay d-yeffγen γer yizenqan n tmaneγt (capitale) akk-n ad d-rren adabu n tmenḍawt (constitution).

 

 

Aselway n Venezuela Hugo Chavez

 

Deg yiwet n tsestant (enquête) ay gan yineγmasen (journalistes) sakk-in, εawden bnan-d ttfaṣ̣il n way-n yeḍran deg tedyant n tmenγiwt-nni n tqenṭert n Llaguno, dγa sbeyynen-d tugniwin-nni (images) d tikellax, imi timrinin (montres) n wid-nni ay yettekkan deg tedyant-nni ur yemṣ̣ada lweqt-nsent akked win n tedyant-nni deg tidet. Deg tidet, d wid yeddan ed Chavez ay yettewten, sakk-in, mi rran aḍar, εerḍen ad d-ssukksen iman-nsen, dγa sqedcen imrigen (leslaḥ) n tmes. Ma d ismentasen-nni (provocateurs) d imsulta (ibulisen) n wemkan-nni, yerna d yiwet n tnegga (agence) tamarikanit ay ten-yesseγren.

 

 

Deg 2006, NED tessenker-d tanmegla (opposition) mgal aselway n Kenya, Mwai Kibaki. Dγa d nettat ay yekfan idrimen i Raila Odinga i wakk-n ad d-yessebded Akabar acini. Odinga iεawen-it daγen Barak Obama (ay yellan imir-nni d asinatur n Illinois), akked kra seg wid iẓewren deg werway n tmura (Mark Lippert, ara iqeddcen, ass-a, d imḍebber n teγlamt [chef de cabinet] n uneṣ̣ṣ̣aḥ n tγellist taγelnawt [sécurité nationale], akked ujiniṛal Jonathan S. Gration, d netta ay d amazun uslig [envoyé spécial] n uselway amarikani γer Ssudan). Obama yettekka deg yiwet n temlilit akked Odinga, dγa, i wakk-n ad as-icuff aqendur i Odinga (ay yeddan akked Yiwunak Yeddukklen), Obama yenna-d yettili-as seg mebεid. D acu kan, Odinga yexṣ̣er deg tefranin tiwamniyin (législatives) n 2007. Sakk-in, s tallalt n usinatur John McCain (ay yellan d aselway n IRI (d afurk n NED ay yeṭṭef Ukabar Agdudan [Parti Républicain]), Odinga yugi ad yesteεṛef s tezdeg n tefranin-nni yerna iger-d tiγri i wid yeddan yid-s i wakk-n ad ffγen γer yizenqan.

 

 

Imir-nni, bdan ttawḍen-d yisamasen war isem γer tilifunat n wid yettekkan deg tefranin, deg titnit (ethnie) n Yiluoten. Asamas-nni yenna-d: ”A Ikenyanen, Ikikuyuten ukren-awen azekka n warraw-nwen ... Yessekf ad d-nawey yid-sen tikli-nni tawḥidt ay zemren ad tt-fehmen ... d takriḍt (violence)”. Γas akk-n Kenya tella d yiwet seg tmura irekden akk deg Tefriqt, dindin kan tenker deg-s ccwal d ameqran. Sdeffir n wacḥal n wussan n tγewwaγin (émeutes), aselway Kibaki yufa-d iman-nnes terra-t tmara i wakk-n ad yeqbel tabdammast (médiation) n Madeleine Albright, ay d-yegren iman-nnes deg taluft-a s yisem-nnes d taselwayt n NDI (d afurk n Ukabar amegdu [Parti démocrate] n NED). Dγa snulfan-d, deg Kenya, amkan n Uneγlaf amezwaru, yerna kfan-t i Odinga. Ma d isamasen-nni n wezraε n kaṛuh gar medden, ur d-ttwaznen s ttawilat n Kenya, yerna ur yelli ccek d ibeṛṛaniyen ay ten-id-yuznen.

 

 

Turda tazayezt tagraγlant*

 

 

*Opinion publique internationale

 

 

Deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, Washington tṣ̣aḥ-itt-id tegnit ad d-tessenker ”tigrawliwin izewwqen”, γas akk-n tettuqenneε ur ssawaḍen yemḍebbren-nsent ad ṭṭfen adabu, maca iswi (but) niḍen ay ttḥakaṛen Yimarikaniyen netta mi ara d-snekren ”tagrawla izewwqen”, ad ḥazen turda tazayezt tagraγlant.

 

 

Deg 2007, nekren-d Yibirmaniyen ed gan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) γef leγla ay γlayit yiserγa (combustibles) ay sseqdacen i ussewwi deg wexxam. Sakk-in, yenker yimenγi gar yimeskanen ed yiγallen n laman. Imunaken (moines) ibudiyen d nitni ay yezwaren i ṣ̣ṣ̣ef deg tmeskanin-nni. D tin umi semman ”tagrawla tazεefṛanit” [γef yini (llun) uceḍḍiḍ-nni ay ttlusun yimunaken ibudiyen]. Deg tidet, Washington ur d-teclig seg udabu n Rangoon, wanag tebγa kan ad tesseqdec aγref (cceεb) abirmani i wakk-d ad teḥṛes Ccinwa ay yesεan nnfeε deg Birmanya (Icinwaten bγan ad d-ssukken γef Birmanya iseldaten [pipelines] am wakk-n ay bγan ad bnun deg-in asadur aserdasi [base militaire] i wumel aliktṛuni [renseignement électronique]). Dγa, imḍebbren uffiren n tnekra-a qedcen i wakk-n kan ad d-sseknen i lejnas d acu ara iḍerrun deg tmurt-a. Deg udeg n YouTube, bdant ttrusunt-d tugniwin (images) ay d-yettuṣ̣ewwren s tilifunat n ljib. Tugniwin-a ur d-ddin yid-sent yismawen, ur nezmir ad nẓer ma n tidet neγ n tkellax. D acu kan, imi kan ay d-nnulfant kan akk-a, seg wulac, yessekf ad namen yes-sent d tidet ay d-sskanayent. Sakk-in, Axxam Amellal amarikani yezmer ad ten-iγer ed ad tent-id-yessefhem akk-n ay as-yehwa.

 

 

Deg 2008, nekrent tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) n yinelmaden deg Legrig, sdeffir ma yemmut yiwen n weqcic n 15 n yiseggasen s rrṣ̣aṣ̣ n yiwen n wemsaltu (abulis). Dindin kan, kecmen-tt wid yettruẓun. Ineggura-a uwyen-ten-id s yisakacen (bus) seg Kosovo yerna ttekkan deg truẓi ed usserγi n kra n temdinin. Washington tettnadi ad tesserwel imsefta (investisseurs) ibeṛṛaniyen γer tmura niḍen i wakk-n d nettat ara yeṭṭfen amunupul n ussefti deg wenrar n lgaz. Sakk-in, tebda-d yiwet n lḥemla n tγemsa (presse) mgal n unabaḍ (lḥukuma) n Karamanlis, yerna llan wid ay t-iqurnen γer unabaḍ n yeknunar (colonels) [n tallit ay deg tella Legrig deg tesnaraft (dictature)]. Facebook akked Twitter ttusqedcen i wakk-n ad d-ssewliwlen Igrigiyen ay yellan deg lγerba. Timeskanin nekrent-d ula deg Sṭembul, Niqusya, Dublin, London, Amsterdam, La Haye, Copenhague, Frankfurt, Paris, Roma, Madrid ed Barcelona.

 

 

Tagrawla tazegzawt

 

 

Ihi ula d tidyanin ay d-yeḍran deg 2009 deg Iṛan d aḥric seg tegrawliwin-a n tkellax. Tamezwarut, deg 2007, Congress amarikani yekfa 400 n yimelyunen n yidulaṛen i lmend n ”ubeddel n udabu” deg Iṛan. Idrimen-a yessekf ad ten-nernu i yimeṣ̣rufen-nni (budgets) akk ay yettunekfen i NED, USAID ed CIA. Ur nessin amek ay ttusseqdacen yedrimen-a, maca amur ameqran deg-sen yettunekfay i tlata n trebbaε timeqranin: tawacult n Rafsanjani, tawacult n Pahlevi ed terbaεt n Yemjuhad n weγref (cceεb).

 

 

Sdeffir ma ugin yemḍebbren n yigen (armée) amarikani ad mmγen γef Iṛan, tadbelt (administration) n Bush teεzem ad d-tessenker ”tagrawla izewwqen” deg Iṛan. Sakk-in, mi d-yuweḍ Obama γer tselwit, yeqbel ad yeg ay-a. Yuγ lḥal, deg 2002 yagi ay d-tennulfa temsalt-a n ”tegrawla izewwqen” deg Iṛan, yerna d Isṛayil ay tt-id-yeswejden deg American Enterprise Institute. Deg wussan-nni, ssuffγeγ-d yiwen n umagrad (article) γef temsalt-a (http://www.voltairenet.org/article12473.html). Tzemrem ad t-teγrem i wakk-n ad tessnem anwa ay yettekkan  deg temsalt-a n wass-a: ay-n ay ssefran ad t-gen imir-nni ur yemgerrad aṭas ed way-n ay gan tikkelt-a. Deg uγawas-nni (plan) aqbur, ssawlen-d ula γef way-n ara gen deg Lubnan, imi ay ssefran ad d-snekren deg-in ccwal ma yella terbeḥ temsisit (alliance) n Ḥizbullah ed Aoun deg tefranin tiwamniyin (législatives), d acu kan, beṭlen ccγel-a.

 

 

Deg uγawas-nsen, Imarikaniyen ssefran ad d-kfen tallalt tameqrant i umazwar (candidat) ara d-yefren ayatullah Rafsanjani, sakk-in, lemmer ad yexṣ̣er deg tefranin n tselwit, ad tenker, yerna ad d-ilint daγen tenṭagin (attentats) deg yal amkan, sakk-in, ad sseγlin aselway Ahmadinejad ed wemnir anafella (guide suprême) ayatullah Khamenei, ed ad sbedden anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n ubeddel ara yeḥkem Mousavi, sakk-in, ad rren Iṛan d tagelda yerna ad d-sbedden anabaḍ ara yeḥkem Sohrab Sobhani.

 

 

Akk-n ay tt-id-xuylen deg 2002, taluft-a d Morris Amitay akked Michael Ledeen ay iqedcen deg-s d imḍebbren. Ma deg Iṛan, d wid-nni ay yettekkan deg Irangate ay tesseqdec Marikan deg taluft n useggas-a. Deg-a, yessekf ad d-nesmekti d acu-t Irangate: [deg yiseggasen n 1980], Iwunak Yeddukklen llan bγan ad kfen imrigen (leslaḥ) i Yikuntṛaten (Contras) n Nicaragua ay yellan ttnaγen mgal n Yisandiniyen, am wakk-n ay kfen imrigen i Iṛan i wakk-n ad sdumen amgaru (ṭṭrad) yellan gar tmurt-a ed Lεiraq arma feclent deg snat. D acu kan, tukci n yemrigen i Yikuntṛaten akked Iṛan yegdel-it Congress. Dγa Isṛayiliyen ssumren-d (proposer) d nitni ara d-yelhun ed sin-a n lecγal, yerna γef tikkelt. Ledeen, ay yesεan taγlent (nationalité) tamarikanit ed tin n Isṛayil, d netta ay yuraren dduṛ n umeggi n wassaγ (agent de liaison) deg Washington, deg lweqt ay deg Mahmoud Rafsanjani (d gma-s n wayatullah Rafsanjani) d netta ara as-d-yessawaḍen isalan i Ledeen, seg Ṭ̣ehran. Ay-a akk gan-t Yisṛayiliyen s wefraq n tjuεal i waṭas n medden. Mi akk-n ay d-tettwakcef temsalt-a deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen, tettussebded-d yiwet n tesmilt n tsestant timziregt (commission d’enquête indépendante), d asinatur Tower akked ujiniṛal Brent Scowcroft ay d imḍebbren deg-s. I wesmekti, Scowcroft d netta ay d aneṣ̣ṣ̣aḥ n Robert Gates [ay yeqqlen ass-a d aneγlaf n temḥaddit n Yiwunak Yeddukklen].

 

 

Yuγ lḥal, Michael Ledeen d uccen yesεan ttejṛiba deg lecγal uffiren. Deg Roma, yettekka deg temsalt-nni n tmenγiwt n Aldo Moro, daγen, asmi ay εerḍen ad nγen Apapas Yuḥenna Bulus II, Ledeen yettekka deg wesnulfu n teḥkayt-nni n tkellax ay deg d-nnan d imeẓla n wumel (services de renseignement) n Bulgaṛya ay iεerḍen ad nγen Apapas, am wakk-n daγen ay yettekka deg wesnulfu n teḥkayt niḍen n tkellax, d tin ay deg d-nnan Niger tessenz-as uṛanyum i Saddam Hussein. Ass-a, Ledeen iqeddec deg American Enterprise Institute (akked Richard Perle ed Paul Wolfowitz), am wakk-n ay iqeddec deg Foundation for Defense of Democracies.

 

Morris Amitay, d yiwen seg yemḍebbren imeqranen

n Ulubi aṣ̣ehyuni deg Yiwunak Yeddukklen

 

Morris Amitay yella d anemhal (directeur) aqbur deg American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) [d ta ay d tarbaεt ijehden akk deg ulubi uday deg Marikan]. Ass-a, Amitay d netta ay d anmazul n uselway (vice-président) n Jewish Institute of National Security (Asudu Uday n Tγellist Taγelnawt), neγ JINSA, yerna iqeddec daγen d anemhal n yiwet n tnarit n wenṣ̣aḥ (cabinet conseil) i teṛmisin (ccarikat) ay d-ixeddmen imrigen (lesmaḥ).

 

 

Deg 27 Yebrir yezrin, Morris ed Ledeen gan-d yiwen n temlilit γef Iṛan deg American Enterprise Institute, yerna ssawlen-d γef tefranin ara d-yilin deg tmurt-a. Joseph Lieberman yettekka deg temlilit-a. Deg 15 Mayyu yezrin, gan timlilit niḍen. Sakk-in, deg umur-nni n temlilit ay deg ara ḥedṛen medden, wid yettekkan deg-s gan-d ṭṭabla timdewweṛt i wakk-n ad skasin, yerna d anmahal (ambassadeur) John Bolton ay d amekfaḍu (animateur) deg temlilit-nni. Tamsalt ay γef d-uwyen awal nettat d ”ssuq ameqran” ay bγan ad t-gen Yimarikaniyen γef Iṛan: dγa lemmer ad teqbel Rusya ad teḥbes, ur tettεawan Iṛan, Iwunak Yeddukklen ad beṭlen lebni n waγer-nni n uḥuddu γef tmeẓdiyin (bouclier anti-missiles) ara ssefrayen ad t-gen deg Tuṛuft Talemmast. Amazzay (expert) afṛensis Bernard Hourcade yettekka deg temlilit-nni, yerna deg lweqt-nni ay deg d-tella, American Enterprise Institute teldey yiwen n udeg n internet ay deg ssefran ad d-ssersen imagraden n tγemsa (presse) γef taluft-nni ay yellan tetteddu ad d-teṭṭerḍeq ussan-nni: IranTracker.org. Adeg-nni yesεa ula d aḥric γef tefranin deg Lubnan.

 

 

Deg Iṛan, ayatullah Rafsanjani yettunekf-as dduṛ n usseγli n udabu axṣ̣im-nnes aqbur, ayatullah Khamenei. Hachemi Rafsanjani yenker-d deg yiwet n twacult n yifellaḥen, maca yeqqel d aṣ̣emṣ̣ar yerna d ay-nni ay t-yerran d ameṛkanti deg tallit n Ucah n Iṛan. Sakk-in, Rafsanjani yeqqel d netta ay d amsenzu n ujemmal (grossiste) ameqran akk n ufisṭac (pistache), yerna tadyant-nni n Irangate tejja-t ad yernu ad yeccaṛ mliḥ lejyub-nnes. Ay-n yekseb yettwaḥsab s yimelyaṛen n yidulaṛen, yerna d netta ay d argaz ameṛkanti akk deg Iṛan. Naqal yeqqel d aselway n wemni (parlement), sakk-n d aselway n Tegduda (république), ma ass-a, iqeddec d aselway n Useqqamu n ferru (ay d-yelhan ed ferru n wuguren ay izemren ad d-ilin gar wemni ed Useqqamu n yiεessasen n tmenḍawt [constitution]). Rafsanjani d netta ay d argaz ay yekkaten γef nnfeε n wayt ubazaṛ, anamek-nnes imsenza (commerçants) n Ṭ̣ehran. Deg lḥemla-nni n tefranin, Rafsanjani iṛeggem-as i ujedεun-nnes, Mir Hossein Mousavi (ay yellan zik d axṣ̣im-nnes), ad yerr aḥric n upiṭrul n Iṛan d uslig (privé).

 

 

Washington seg tama-nnes, tesseqdec tuddsa (organisation) n Yemjuhad n weγref (cceεb). Tuddsa-a attan seddaw n leεnaya n Pentagone, maca aγlif (ministère) n tγawsiwin n beṛṛa n Yiwunak Yeddukklen akked Tdukli Tuṛufit ḥesben-tt d tuddsa taremmaγt (tarebrabt). Yuγ lḥal, d tidet, tuddsa-a tga kra n lecγal ssexlaεen deg yiseggasen n 1980, gar-asen tanṭagt-nni (attentat) tameqrant ay deg mmuten ayatullah Behechti akked ṛebεa yineγlafen, setta n yimalalen n yineγlafen (ministres adjoints) akked tis ṛebεa seg wid yettekkan deg terbaεt tawamnit (groupe parlementaire) n Ukabar n tegduda tineslemt n Iṛan.

 

 

Imḍebber n tuddsa-a (organisation) d Massoud Rajavi. Naqal yejwej ed yelli-s n uselway Bani Sadr, sakk-in, yuγ Maryam [Azodanlu], d tameṭṭut ur nesεi ṛṛeḥma. Ammas (centre) n tuddsa-a yezga-d deg tama n Paris, ma d isudar-nnes iserdasiyen (bases militaires), zgan-d deg Lεiraq, yerna naqal llan seddaw n leεnaya n Saddam Hussein, sakk-in qqlen seddaw n leεnaya n weγlif (ministère) n temḥaddit n Yiwunak Yeddukklen. Deg lḥemla-nni n tefranin n Iṛan, d Imjuhad n weγref ay iqedcen i wakk-n ad d-ilint tenṭagin-nni (attentats) n wussan-nni. Yerna d nitni ay yettuwekklen, daγen, ad d-snekren imenγi gar yimeγnasen (militants) ay yeddan ed Ahmadinejad akked wid ay yellan mgal-nnes, yerna war ccek, ad ilin gan ay-a.

 

 

Lemmer d ay terwiy akk tmurt, yella yezmer lḥal ad yeγli Wemnir anafella (Guide suprême) Khamenei. Sakk-in, ad sbeddel anabaḍ (lḥukuma) n ubeddel ara yeḥkem Mir Hossein Mousavi, yerna aneggaru-a ad yerr aḥric n upitṛul d uslig (privé), yerna ad yerr Iṛan d tagelda (royaume). Sakk-in, ad d-yeqqel memmi-s n ugellid aqbur n Iṛan, Reza Cyrus Pahlavi, akk-n ad yeqqim γef lεeṛc yerna d Sohrab Sobhani ara yerr d Aneγlaf amezwaru. Γef temsalt-a, Reza Pahlavi yessuffeγ-d, deg Fuṛaṛ yezrin, yiwen n wedlis ay deg d-ddant tdiwinniyin-nnes (interviews) akked uneγmas afṛensis Michel Taubmann. Aneggaru-a d anemhal (directeur) n tnarit (bureau) n yisalan n terga n Arte deg tama n Paris, yerna d aselway n Cercle de l’Observatoire, d yiwet n terbaεt n yimagaẓen imaynuten (néoconservateurs) n Fṛansa.

 

 

Deg-a, yessekf ad d-nesmekti Washington tella tessefray ad d-terr tagelda (monarchie) ula γer Afγanistan. Imarikaniyen llan ssefrayen ad rren Mohammed Zaher Shah d agellid, deg lweqt ay deg Hamid Karzai ad yili d Aneγlaf-nnes amezwaru. D acu kan, Zaher Shar yella yesεa 88 n yiseggasen, yerna yexref. Dγa d Karzai ay yeqqlen d aselway n Tegduda (république). Ma d Sobhani, ay bγan Yimarikaniyen ad t-sqedcen deg Iṛan, am Karzai, yesεa taγlent (nationalité) tamarikanit, yerna daγen yeqdec, am Karzai, deg teṛmist (ccarika) ara iqeddcen deg weḥric n upitṛul deg tama n Yilel n Qezwin.

 

 

Ma deg way-n yerzan tazniwt (propagande), naqal ssefran ad wekklen tanarit (cabinet) n Benador Associates akk-n ad d-telhu yid-s. D acu kan, d Goli Ameri ay yeqqlen telha-d yes-s. Tameṭṭut-a, daγen, d Tiṛanit yesεan taγlent (nationalité) tamarikanit, tqeddec d tamalalt (assistante) n umaru n Uwanak (secrétaire d’Etat) i tteṛbiyya ed yedles, am wakk-n ay teqdec zik d tamalalt n John Bolton. Ameri tessen mliḥ ttawilat imaynuten n yisalan, yerna tga-d ahilen (programmes) ay yes ara kfen i yimeddukkal n Rafsanjani ttawilat ay yes ara sqedcen internet, yerna ad asen-slemden amek ara sqedcen internet i uxebber. Ameri tesnulfa-d daγen tiregwa n ṛṛadyu ed tilibizyu s yiles afarsi i wakk-n ad sseddun tazniwt n weγlif (ministère) amarikani n tγawsiwin beṛṛa, yerna ad d-yili way-a s wemεiwen akked BBC tabriṭanit.

 

Hamid Karzai, aselway n Afγanistan yesεan taγlent (nationalité) tamarikanit

yerna yella iqeddec deg tkebbanit tamarikanit n Unocal

 

 

Acewwel n Iṛan ur yecci, imi times-nni s way-s ara tenker ”tegrawla izewwqen” ur tuγ akk-n iwata. Mir Hussein Mousavi ur yessaweḍ ad d-yejmeε akk urfan n weγref (cceεb) mgal n Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Aγref iṛani ur igi tuccḍa ay gan wiyaḍ: ur ixemmem d aselway n tmurt d netta ay d ssebba n yixeṣ̣ṣ̣aren ay iḥuzan tadamsa (économie) n Iṛan γef ljal n uεaqeb amarikani. Γef way-a, ala d taburjwazit n yegmamen (quartiers) n ugafa n Ṭ̣ehran ay d-yeffγen γer yizenqan ad gen tifranin. Nnig way-a, adabu ur d-yessenker imenγi gar wid yeddan yid-s ed wid yellan mgal-nnes, yerna yejja wid-nni ay d-yesnekren ccwal ad d-kecfen iman-nsen.

 

 

D acu kan, yessekf ad nesteεṛef s yiwet n tγawsa: ttawilat n yisalan n Utaram (Lγerb) ssawḍen ad sseddun tikerkas-nsen. Medden, deg tmura n beṛṛa, umnen s tidet sin n yimelyunen n Yiṛaniyen ay d-yeffγer s izenqan, deg lweqt ay deg, deg tidet, ahat ur uwiḍen ula 200.000. Imi Iṛan ur tejji ineγmasen ad ffγen ad ẓren anect n medden ay yettekkan deg tmeskanin, wid-nni ay yesseddayen tikerkas teffeγ fell-asen, imi akk-a, ur ḥwajen ad d-kfen anza (preuve) γef way-n d-nnan.

 

 

Ihi imi Barack Obama yebṭel amgaru (ṭṭrad) mgal Iṛan, yerna ”tagrawla”-nni ay yessefra ad tt-yeg, ur tecci, wissen d acu mazal yessefray ad t-yeg.

 

 

Sγur Thierry Meyssan

Tasuqilt sγur Omar Mouffok

Taγbalut: www.voltairenet.org